Nat:发育过程中的连接组揭示大脑成熟原理 神经突触大增

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Nature:发育过程中的连接组揭示大脑成熟原理  神经突触大增

包括最高等的人类在内、动物的神经系统随着其身体从出生到成年不断成长、以及其行为的成熟而发生变化。在人类等动物从出生到成年，大脑几何形状即外形基本保持一致，而化学性神经突触连接性、神经回路内部等发生大量变化。在发育过程中，中央决策回路比如人类大脑思维判断推理等的额叶等得以维持，而感觉比如人类大脑顶后部以及视觉听觉嗅觉等回路和运动比如人类大脑顶前部头颈四肢动作等通路则大幅重塑。随着年龄的增长，大脑变得越来越前馈和明显模块化。本文是与音乐体育艺术教育文理学科等多方面有关联的大脑发育成熟原理的基础科学研究论文。

领研网

2021/08/22

论文
论文标题：Connectomes across development reveal principles of brain maturation
作者：Witvliet, Daniel, Mulcahy, Ben, Mitchell, James K., Meirovitch, Yaron, Berger, Daniel R., Wu, Yuelong, Liu, Yufang, Koh, Wan Xian, Parvathala, Rajeev, Holmyard, Douglas, Schalek, Richard L., Shavit, Nir, Chisholm, Andrew D., Lichtman, Jeff W., Samuel, Aravinthan D. T., Zhen, Mei

期刊：Nature
发表时间：2021/08/04
数字识别码：10.1038/s41586-021-03778-8
摘要：An animal’s nervous system changes as its body grows from birth to adulthood and its behaviours mature1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8. The form and extent of circuit remodelling across the connectome is unknown3,9,10,11,12,13,14,15. Here we used serial-section electron microscopy to reconstruct the full brain of eight isogenic Caenorhabditis elegans individuals across postnatal stages to investigate how it changes with age. The overall geometry of the brain is preserved from birth to adulthood, but substantial changes in chemical synaptic connectivity emerge on this consistent scaffold. Comparing connectomes between individuals reveals substantial differences in connectivity that make each brain partly unique. Comparing connectomes across maturation reveals consistent wiring changes between different neurons. These changes alter the strength of existing connections and create new connections. Collective changes in the network alter information processing. During development, the central decision-making circuitry is maintained, whereas sensory and motor pathways substantially remodel. With age, the brain becomes progressively more feedforward and discernibly modular. Thus developmental connectomics reveals principles that underlie brain maturation.

所属学科：
神经科学
生物

（导读 阿金）目前尚不清楚动物发育过程中神经系统连接组神经回路重塑的形式与程度。本研究使用连续切片电子显微镜重新构建了8条同基因秀丽隐杆线虫个体出生后各年龄阶段的完整大脑。从出生到成年，大脑几何形状保持一致，而化学突触连接性发生大量变化。比较个体间的连接组后发现连结性差异让每一个大脑具有部分独特性，且不同神经元之间的连接也持续变化，改变信息处理方式。所有结果有助于揭示大脑成熟的基础神经机制。

（包括如人类的洞察推理预测远见能力高智商天才者等也神经突触大增）

文章标签
神经系统发育
发育生物学
神经回路
大脑成熟

https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-021-03778-8

https://www.linkresearcher.com/t ... a-aa5b-5478c10aa6ae



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