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JAMA:美150万人:癌症生存者再患癌风险更高 遗传治疗暴露

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发表于 2021-1-11 10:35:18 | 只看该作者 回帖奖励 |倒序浏览 |阅读模式
本帖最后由 邓文龙 于 2021-1-11 19:40 编辑

JAMA:美150 万人研究数据:癌症生存者再患癌风险更高,尤其是与这两种因素相关的癌症

癌症生存者较高的继发原发性癌症风险,可能与遗传易感性和治疗暴露有关,但大多数风险可能与个人的衰老、免疫,以及与首次患癌同样的生活方式因素有关,例如吸烟、肥胖、饮酒、感染等。  遗传易感治疗暴露  约1/5

e药环球
·
2021/01/06

论文

论文标题:Association of First Primary Cancer With Risk of Subsequent Primary Cancer Among Survivors of Adult-Onset Cancers in the United States
作者:Hyuna Sung, Noorie Hyun, Corinne R Leach, K Robin Yabroff, Ahmedin Jemal
期刊:JAMA
发表时间:2020/12/22
数字识别码:10.1001/jama.2020.23130
摘要:Importance: The number of cancer survivors who develop new cancers is projected to increase, but comprehensive data on the risk of subsequent primary cancers (SPCs) among survivors of adult-onset cancers are limited.Objective: To quantify the overall and cancer type-specific risks of SPCs among adult-onset cancer survivors by first primary cancer (FPC) types and sex.Design, setting, and participants: A retrospective cohort study from 12 Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results registries in the United States, that included 1 537 101 persons aged 20 to 84 years diagnosed with FPCs from 1992-2011 (followed up until December 31, 2017) and who survived at least 5 years.Exposures: First primary cancer.Main outcomes and measures: Incidence and mortality of SPCs per 10 000 person-years; standardized incidence ratio (SIR) and standardized mortality ratio (SMR) compared with those expected in the general population.Results: Among 1 537 101 survivors (mean age, 60.4 years; 48.8% women), 156 442 SPC cases and 88 818 SPC deaths occurred during 11 197 890 person-years of follow-up (mean, 7.3 years). Among men, the overall risk of developing any SPCs was statistically significantly higher for 18 of the 30 FPC types, and risk of dying from any SPCs was statistically significantly higher for 27 of 30 FPC types as compared with risks in the general population. Among women, the overall risk of developing any SPCs was statistically significantly higher for 21 of the 31 FPC types, and risk of dying from any SPCs was statistically significantly higher for 28 of 31 FPC types as compared with risks in the general population. The highest overall SIR and SMR were estimated among survivors of laryngeal cancer (SIR, 1.75 [95% CI, 1.68-1.83]; incidence, 373 per 10 000 person-years) and gallbladder cancer (SMR, 3.82 [95% CI, 3.31-4.39]; mortality, 341 per 10 000 person-years) among men, and among survivors of laryngeal cancer (SIR, 2.48 [95% CI, 2.27-2.72]; incidence, 336 per 10 000 person-years; SMR, 4.56 [95% CI, 4.11-5.06]; mortality, 268 per 10 000 person-years) among women. Substantial variation existed in the associations of specific types of FPCs with specific types of SPC risk; however, only a few smoking- or obesity-associated SPCs, such as lung, urinary bladder, oral cavity/pharynx, colorectal, pancreatic, uterine corpus, and liver cancers constituted considerable proportions of the total incidence and mortality, with lung cancer alone accounting for 31% to 33% of mortality from all SPCs.Conclusions and relevance: Among survivors of adult-onset cancers in the United States, several types of primary cancer were significantly associated with greater risk of developing and dying from an SPC, compared with the general population. Cancers associated with smoking or obesity comprised substantial proportions of overall SPC incidence and mortality among all survivors and highlight the importance of ongoing surveillance and efforts to prevent new cancers among survivors.
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所属学科:
医学
药明康德内容团队编辑



随着癌症早期检测以及治疗方法的进步,越来越多的癌症患者经过治疗,在癌症中生存下来。

同时,癌症生存者不仅面临着癌症及其治疗带来的生理、心理和行为等问题的影响,也面临着再次患癌症的风险。这种风险不仅来自癌症复发,也来自继发原发性癌症(subsequent primary cancer,SPC)。



继发原发性癌症与癌症复发不同,它是一种全新的癌症,其癌细胞来源或类型不同于首次癌症,发生在曾经患有癌症的人群中。



一项发表于《美国医学会杂志》(JAMA)的研究发现,与普通人群相比,癌症生存者继发原发性癌症的发病及死亡风险更高;而且与吸烟或肥胖有关的癌症,占继发原发性癌症发病和死亡的绝大部分。





图片来源:123RF



来自美国癌症协会(American Cancer Society)等机构的研究人员,对美国1992-2011年确诊的1537101例癌症生存者进行了分析。这些癌症生存者的年龄在20-84岁之间,48.8%为女性,81.5%为白人;他们患有不同类型的癌症,且经过治疗生存期至少为5年。



研究人员统计了受试者的年龄、性别、种族、癌症类型、治疗方式以及继发原发性癌症的发病及死亡情况。



在平均长达7.3年的随访期间,共有156442名(10.2%)受试者患继发原发性癌症;88818名(5.8%)受试者因继发原发性癌症死亡。



在调整其他因素影响后,研究人员分析发现,与普通人群首次患原发性癌症及死亡风险相比,男性和女性癌症生存者患继发原发性癌症的风险分别要高11%和10%;因继发原发性癌症死亡的风险分别要高45%和33%。



男性喉癌和霍奇金淋巴瘤生存者,以及女性喉癌和食管癌生存者,患继发原发性癌症的风险最高;男性胆囊癌和女性喉癌生存者,因继发原发性癌症死亡的风险最高。



4种常见的继发原发性癌症,男性为肺癌(19.1%)、前列腺癌(13.7%)、膀胱癌(11.1%)和结直肠癌(10.1%);女性为肺癌(19.3%)、乳腺癌(17.3%)、结直肠癌(11.0%)和子宫体癌(7.4%)。



导致死亡人数最多的继发原发性癌症,男性为肺癌(33.1%)、结直肠癌(8.8%)、胰腺癌(8.5%)和非霍奇金淋巴瘤(6.0%);女性为肺癌(31.2%)、胰腺癌(9.4%)和乳腺癌(5.8%)。





图片来源:123RF



此外,研究人员还发现,在患有与吸烟、肥胖、饮酒或感染相关癌症的生存者中,也更容易患与吸烟、肥胖、饮酒或感染相关的继发原发性癌症。



在患有继发原发性癌症的受试者中,4种常见的、与吸烟相关的继发原发性癌症,包括肺癌、膀胱癌、口腔/咽癌和食管癌,占总继发原发性癌症发病率和死亡率的26%-45%;4种常见的、与肥胖相关癌症的继发原发性癌症,包括结直肠癌、胰腺癌、子宫体癌和肝癌,占继发原发性癌症死亡率的22%-26%。



研究人员分析,癌症生存者较高的继发原发性癌症风险,可能与遗传易感性和治疗暴露有关,但大多数风险可能与个人的衰老、免疫,以及与首次患癌同样的生活方式因素有关,例如吸烟、肥胖、饮酒、感染等。



由于该研究是观察性研究,并未显示因果关系,而且研究也存在一定局限性,如研究中的受试者主要为美国白种人,其结果可能不适用于其他种族人群。





图片来源:123RF



研究人员指出,该研究的发现强调了持续检测和预防癌症生存者患继发原发性癌症的重要性。美国2009-2013年的新发癌症病例中,相当大的比例为癌症生存者患继发原发性癌症,在20-64岁人群中,这一比例为11%,在65岁及以上人群中为25%。



预计未来将有更多的癌症生存者患继发原发性癌症,但是直到现在,人们对于成年癌症生存者患继发原发性癌症风险的了解仍然有限。如果能发现更多继发原发性癌症风险因素,并采取措施降低风险或通过筛查增加早期检测,就有可能挽救更多生命。



研究通讯作者、美国癌症协会Ahmedin Jemal博士表示:“对癌症生存者而言,应关注健康生活方式,包括戒烟、体重管理、体育锻炼和健康饮食,养成健康习惯,以降低继发原发性癌症发病及死亡风险。”

参考资料

[1] Hyuna Sung, et al.,(2020). Association of First Primary Cancer With Risk of Subsequent Primary Cancer Among Survivors of Adult-Onset Cancers in the United States. JAMA, DOI:10.1001/jama.2020.23130.
[2] Cancer Survivors at Greater Risk for Subsequent Malignancies—Cancers tied to smoking, obesity comprised largest proportion of SPC incidence. Retrieved Dec 23 ,2020,from https://www.medpagetoday.com/hem ... /othercancers/90363
[3] Study finds cancer survivors run greater risk of developing, dying from second cancers. Retrieved Dec 23 ,2020,from https://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2020-12/acs-sfc122120.php

https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/fullarticle/2774406

https://www.linkresearcher.com/t ... 3-be9a-f6cf0189b6c1



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