自闭症动物学

邓文龙

自闭症动物学

自闭症动物学 ：   自闭症谱系障碍（ASD）是一种复杂的神经发育障碍，研究人员通过建立多种动物模型来深入探究其病理机制和潜在治疗方法。这些模型主要包括啮齿类动物（如小鼠）、非人灵长类动物以及其他模式生物。
啮齿类动物模型：
        •        基因编辑模型： 科学家利用基因编辑技术，敲除或突变与ASD相关的基因，如Shank3、Chd8等，观察其对小鼠行为和神经发育的影响。例如，缺乏Shank3基因的小鼠在前额皮质显示出结构和功能缺陷，表现出类似自闭症的行为特征。  
        •        药物诱导模型： 通过在孕期对母鼠施用特定药物，如丙戊酸钠（VPA），诱导子代出现自闭症样行为。然而，传统的VPA建模方式可能导致孕鼠高死亡率和流产率，研究者正在探索更安全有效的改良方法。  
非人灵长类动物模型：
由于灵长类动物与人类在基因和大脑结构上的高度相似性，研究人员尝试在猕猴中引入ASD相关基因的突变，以观察其对社会行为和神经发育的影响。这些模型有助于更准确地模拟人类自闭症的病理特征，为深入研究提供重要平台。  
其他模式生物：
除了小鼠和灵长类动物，斑马鱼和果蝇等模式生物也被用于ASD研究。这些生物具有繁殖周期短、基因操作方便等优点，有助于高通量筛选和功能研究。  
通过多种动物模型的研究，科学家们不断深化对ASD发病机制的理解，为开发有效的干预和治疗策略奠定基础。
( Software translation )  Autism Zoology: Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a complex neurodevelopmental disorder, and researchers have developed a variety of animal models to explore its pathological mechanisms and potential treatments. These models mainly include rodents (such as mice), non-human primates, and other model organisms.
Rodent models:
· Gene editing models: Scientists use gene editing technology to knock out or mutate genes associated with ASD, such as Shank3, Chd8, etc., and observe the effects on behavior and neurodevelopment in mice.For example, mice lacking the Shank3 gene showed structural and functional deficits in the prefrontal cortex, exhibiting autism-like behavioral traits.  
· Drug induction model: By administering a specific drug, such as sodium propionate (VPA), to mother rats during pregnancy, to induce autism-like behavior in offspring.However, traditional VPA modeling methods may lead to high mortality and miscarriage rates in pregnant mice, and researchers are exploring safer and more effective improved methods.  
Models of nonhuman primates:
Due to the high genetic and brain structure similarities between primates and humans, the researchers attempted to introduce mutations in ASD-related genes in macaques to observe their effects on social behavior and neurodevelopment. These models help to more accurately model the pathology of human autism and provide an important platform for in-depth research.  
Other model organisms:
In addition to mice and primates, model organisms such as zebrafish and fruit flies have also been used in ASD studies. These organisms have the advantages of short reproductive cycle, easy gene manipulation and so on, which are helpful to high-throughput screening and functional Qualcomm.  
Through the study of multiple dynamic and physical models, scientists continue to deepen the understanding of the pathogenesis of ASD, and lay the foundation for the development of effective intervention and treatment strategies.