Nature：细胞内的结构是如何产生的 成核 蛋白质液滴

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细胞内的结构是如何产生的

环球科学

2021/09/28

论文
论文标题：Nucleation landscape of biomolecular condensates
作者：Shimobayashi, Shunsuke F., Ronceray, Pierre, Sanders, David W., Haataja, Mikko P., Brangwynne, Clifford P.
期刊：Nature
发表时间：2021/09/22
数字识别码：10.1038/s41586-021-03905-5
摘要：All structures within living cells must form at the right time and place. This includes condensates such as the nucleolus, Cajal bodies and stress granules, which form via liquid–liquid phase separation of biomolecules, particularly proteins enriched in intrinsically disordered regions (IDRs)1,2. In non-living systems, the initial stages of nucleated phase separation arise when thermal fluctuations overcome an energy barrier due to surface tension. This phenomenon can be modelled by classical nucleation theory (CNT), which describes how the rate of droplet nucleation depends on the degree of supersaturation, whereas the location at which droplets appear is controlled by interfacial heterogeneities3,4. However, it remains unknown whether this framework applies in living cells, owing to the multicomponent and highly complex nature of the intracellular environment, including the presence of diverse IDRs, whose specificity of biomolecular interactions is unclear5,6,7,8. Here we show that despite this complexity, nucleation in living cells occurs through a physical process similar to that in inanimate materials, but the efficacy of nucleation sites can be tuned by their biomolecular features. By quantitatively characterizing the nucleation kinetics of endogenous and biomimetic condensates in living cells, we find that key features of condensate nucleation can be quantitatively understood through a CNT-like theoretical framework. Nucleation rates can be substantially enhanced by compatible biomolecular (IDR) seeds, and the kinetics of cellular processes can impact condensate nucleation rates and specificity of location. This quantitative framework sheds light on the intracellular nucleation landscape, and paves the way for engineering synthetic condensates precisely positioned in space and time.

所属学科：
细胞生物学
细胞依靠其内部的蛋白质进行各项生命活动，这些蛋白质所处的位置对细胞功能的实现极其重要。一直以来，科学家十分好奇在复杂的细胞内，蛋白如何有序地形成液体结构，最终组装成蛋白质液滴来发挥作用。



在一项发表于《自然》的新研究中，普林斯顿大学的研究人员发现在细胞内，蛋白质的成核过程（即生成晶核的过程）类似于无机的气泡形成过程。由于细胞内环境处于高度动态和变化过程中，研究人员通过调整经典的成核理论中的2个重要参数，并结合先进的蛋白质工具对细胞内部的过程进行模拟，实现了对蛋白质成核位置的精准预测。该研究有望帮助科学家在分子水平上，实现对生物过程的量化和模拟。  

https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-021-03905-5

https://www.linkresearcher.com/t ... 5-b87e-cea3f7fe9469



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