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发表于 2010-10-6 10:39:48
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神经系统相关蛋白的研究进展2
神经系统相关蛋白的研究进展2
2.3.3 参与调节神经原的延伸 Ferreira等〔30〕人通过实验发现,正在延伸的细胞结构中也有突触素的存在,表达区域包括小脑颗粒细胞生长锥,所有突触素成员都有上述表达现象以及亚细胞定位特点。不同的是突触素Ⅲ表达高度集中在海马神经元生长锥部位,且以发育早期表达量最高〔29〕。Clin等〔27〕的实验证明,敲除突触素Ⅰ基因的小鼠神经元发育时能够延伸神经元的突起,但是明显较野生型的短,而且缺乏轴突分支。在突触素Ⅱ基因敲除模型中,大部分细胞出现变形突起,不能延伸成轴突〔30〕。在突触素Ⅲ敲除模型中,可以观察到出现正常的小突起,但不能延伸,也不能分化成轴突〔31〕。以上结论都提示突触素在神经原的延伸过程中的不同阶段发挥了某种作用,但其作用机制并不明确。另外,突触素与细胞骨架之间的相互作用可能是神经元突起延伸的一方面原因,在未分化突起,微管的选择性稳定会导致突起选择性网状延伸,而突触素可能会在其中起到一定作用。当然,这些推测还需进一步实验证明。
2.4 p38与神经系统疾病 突触素磷酸化异常及其相关疾病突触素磷酸化状态异常可能与某些疾病的发生有关。Lievens等〔32〕发现表达亨廷氏病的R6/2转基因小鼠纹状体和大脑皮质突触素Ⅰ磷酸化状态异常:3~5位点早期过度磷酸化,而位点1没有改变,位点6只在接近疾病后期时才减少;而突触素蛋白水平并无改变。表明突触素磷酸化去磷酸化过程早期发生异常可能影响突触囊泡运送,导致亨廷氏病神经传递的缺陷。此外,Qin等〔33〕等人发现阿尔茨海默病患者海马分区域内突触素Ⅰ水平下降。这些研究均表明,突触素在突触连接的发生、发育过程中可能起到非常重要的作用。
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