|
2#

楼主 |
发表于 2009-11-8 13:17:00
|
只看该作者
最新《Nature》封面文章 解密生命智慧
最新《Nature》封面文章 解密生命智慧
时间:2009年11月6日
生物通报道,最新一期《Nature》杂志的封面文章刊发了一篇有趣的文章,讲述了一个关于细菌智慧的研究论文Experimental evolution of bet hedging。
参与研究的有来自新西兰Massey大学,荷兰Leiden大学的研究者,通讯作者是来自新西兰Massey大学的Paul B.Rainey。
“2009 BioProcess Tour-抗体专题”聚焦国内外最新技术进展,最新应用,质控及法规验证最新进展的平台,诚邀您的参与!
在自然界中,最容易被看出有随机应变智慧的生物大概就是变色龙了,它们总是随着环境的变化来改变自身的体色以便躲避灾害。其实,这种表现型的随机切换(被称为,bet hedging)存在于自然界的每一种生物,这是一种生物在变幻无常的环境中求生存的常见现象。
研究者们以一个荧光假单胞菌菌群为模型,将其投入不同的脊椎动物免疫系统环境中,为了生存,荧光假单胞菌菌群随机切换基因表型以适应环境的变化。荧光可帮助实时显示了这种变异行为何以能够发生。
研究者最后得到了一些揭示菌群bet hedging的数据,识别了这个过程中所涉及的突变机制,反映了动态环境对bet hedging形成的促进机制。
本期的Nature封面所示为一个“荧光假单孢菌”菌种的菌落,这个菌种已形成了在不同菌落类型之间随机切换的能力。
早在去年5月Science也曾发表文章解析细菌的生存智慧,Anticipatory Behavior Within Microbial Genetic Networks,Science,DOI: 10.1126/science.1154456,Ilias Tagkopoulos,Saeed Tavazoie。
研究人员利用计算机模型模拟了细菌的进化,并在实验室中培育大肠杆菌:首先将温度从25摄氏度提高到37摄氏度,然后将氧含量从20%降低到零。研究人员监控了几百代细菌的反应,结果发现,几周之后,细菌已经可以预料氧气的下降,即温度一改变它们就会调整自己的代谢。这说明,大肠杆菌能够发展出将高温(如人类口腔内)与缺氧(如人类肠道内)建立联系的能力。
《Nature》原文:
Nature 462, 90-93 (5 November 2009) | doi:10.1038/nature08504; Received 7 July 2009; Accepted 15 September 2009
Experimental evolution of bet hedging
Hubertus J. E. Beaumont1,2,3, Jenna Gallie1, Christian Kost1,3, Gayle C. Ferguson1 & Paul B. Rainey1
New Zealand Institute for Advanced Study and Allan Wilson Centre for Molecular Ecology & Evolution, Massey University, Private Bag 102904, North Shore Mail Centre, North Shore City 0745, Auckland, New Zealand
Institute of Biology Leiden, Leiden University, PO Box 9505, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands
Present addresses: Institute of Biology Leiden, Leiden University, PO Box 9505, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands (H.J.E.B.); Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, 07745 Jena, Germany (C.K.).
Correspondence to: Hubertus J. E. Beaumont1,2,3 Correspondence and requests for materials should be addressed to H.J.E.B. (Email: h.j.e.beaumont@biology.leidenuniv.nl).
【Abstract】
Bet hedging—stochastic switching between phenotypic states1, 2, 3—is a canonical example of an evolutionary adaptation that facilitates persistence in the face of fluctuating environmental conditions. Although bet hedging is found in organisms ranging from bacteria to humans4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, direct evidence for an adaptive origin of this behaviour is lacking11. Here we report the de novo evolution of bet hedging in experimental bacterial populations. Bacteria were subjected to an environment that continually favoured new phenotypic states. Initially, our regime drove the successive evolution of novel phenotypes by mutation and selection; however, in two (of 12) replicates this trend was broken by the evolution of bet-hedging genotypes that persisted because of rapid stochastic phenotype switching. Genome re-sequencing of one of these switching types revealed nine mutations that distinguished it from the ancestor. The final mutation was both necessary and sufficient for rapid phenotype switching; nonetheless, the evolution of bet hedging was contingent upon earlier mutations that altered the relative fitness effect of the final mutation. These findings capture the adaptive evolution of bet hedging in the simplest of organisms, and suggest that risk-spreading strategies may have been among the earliest evolutionary solutions to life in fluctuating environments.
 |
|