Nat：跟踪内部状态的多巴胺亚系统 下丘脑 奖励

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《自然》：研究发现跟踪内部状态的多巴胺亚系统 下丘脑

作者：小柯机器人 发布时间：2022/7/17 16:44:13

本期文章：《自然》：Online/在线发表

美国加州大学旧金山分校Zachary A. Knight研究组发现跟踪内部状态的多巴胺亚系统。2022年7月13日，《自然》杂志在线发表了这项成果。

研究人员表明腹侧被盖区（VTA）中的单个多巴胺能神经元对摄入的特定阶段的营养物质或水的检测有反应。多巴胺能神经元的一个主要亚群跟踪系统水化的变化，这些变化发生在口渴的小鼠喝水后的几十分钟内，而不同的多巴胺能神经元对胃肠道的营养物质作出反应。结果表明，有关液体平衡的信息通过下丘脑途径传送到VTA，然后重新路由到下游回路，这些回路跟踪摄入的口腔、胃肠道和吸收后阶段。

为了研究这些信号的功能，研究人员使用了一个范式，其中，液体的口服和吸收后的影响可以独立操纵，并在时间上分开。结果表明，小鼠迅速学会仅根据一种液体的补水能力而偏爱另一种液体，而且如果摄取后VTA中的多巴胺能神经元被选择性地沉默，这种消化后学习就会被阻止。这些发现表明，中脑多巴胺系统包含追踪不同方式和阶段的摄入的亚系统，其时间尺度从几秒钟到几十分钟不等，这些信息被用来驱动对摄入后果的学习。

据介绍，食物和水具有奖励性，部分原因是它们满足了人们的内在需求。VTA的多巴胺能神经元被味觉奖励激活，但动物如何学会将这些口腔线索与摄取的延迟生理效应联系起来还不清楚。

附：英文原文

Title: Dopamine subsystems that track internal states
Author: Grove, James C. R., Gray, Lindsay A., La Santa Medina, Naymalis, Sivakumar, Nilla, Ahn, Jamie S., Corpuz, Timothy V., Berke, Joshua D., Kreitzer, Anatol C., Knight, Zachary A.

Issue&Volume: 2022-07-13

Abstract: Food and water are rewarding in part because they satisfy our internal needs1,2. Dopaminergic neurons in the ventral tegmental area (VTA) are activated by gustatory rewards3,4,5, but how animals learn to associate these oral cues with the delayed physiological effects of ingestion is unknown. Here we show that individual dopaminergic neurons in the VTA respond to detection of nutrients or water at specific stages of ingestion. A major subset of dopaminergic neurons tracks changes in systemic hydration that occur tens of minutes after thirsty mice drink water, whereas different dopaminergic neurons respond to nutrients in the gastrointestinal tract. We show that information about fluid balance is transmitted to the VTA by a hypothalamic pathway and then re-routed to downstream circuits that track the oral, gastrointestinal and post-absorptive stages of ingestion. To investigate the function of these signals, we used a paradigm in which a fluid’s oral and post-absorptive effects can be independently manipulated and temporally separated. We show that mice rapidly learn to prefer one fluid over another based solely on its rehydrating ability and that this post-ingestive learning is prevented if dopaminergic neurons in the VTA are selectively silenced after consumption. These findings reveal that the midbrain dopamine system contains subsystems that track different modalities and stages of ingestion, on timescales from seconds to tens of minutes, and that this information is used to drive learning about the consequences of ingestion.

DOI: 10.1038/s41586-022-04954-0

Source: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-022-04954-0

https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-022-04954-0

https://paper.sciencenet.cn/html ... 16441370874213.shtm



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