PNAS:图像大小能影响视觉记忆 1.5倍

邓文龙

图像大小能影响视觉记忆

环球科学

2022/02/04

论文
论文标题：Larger images are better remembered during naturalistic encoding
作者：Shaimaa Masarwa, Olga Kreichman, Sharon Gilaie-Dotan
期刊：PNAS
发表时间：2022/01/25
数字识别码：10.1073/pnas.2119614119
摘要：We are constantly exposed to multiple visual scenes, and while freely viewing them without an intentional effort to memorize or encode them, only some are remembered. It has been suggested that image memory is influenced by multiple factors, such as depth of processing, familiarity, and visual category. However, this is typically investigated when people are instructed to perform a task (e.g., remember or make some judgment about the images), which may modulate processing at multiple levels and thus, may not generalize to naturalistic visual behavior. Visual memory is assumed to rely on high-level visual perception that shows a level of size invariance and therefore is not assumed to be highly dependent on image size. Here, we reasoned that during naturalistic vision, free of task-related modulations, bigger images stimulate more visual system processing resources (from retina to cortex) and would, therefore, be better remembered. In an extensive set of seven experiments, naïve participants (n = 182) were asked to freely view presented images (sized 3° to 24°) without any instructed encoding task. Afterward, they were given a surprise recognition test (midsized images, 50% already seen). Larger images were remembered better than smaller ones across all experiments (∼20% higher accuracy or ∼1.5 times better). Memory was proportional to image size, faces were better remembered, and outdoors the least. Results were robust even when controlling for image set, presentation order, screen resolution, image scaling at test, or the amount of information. While multiple factors affect image memory, our results suggest that low- to high-level processes may all contribute to image memory.

所属学科：
心理学


人对大图片的记忆效果更好。（图片来源：Adar Winter (Vikki Academy)



每天，我们都会在墙上、书籍或电子设备中看到各种各样的图像，其中有的图像令我们印象深刻，有的则犹如过眼云烟。目前，科学家尚不清楚影响视觉记忆的因素。此前的研究认为视觉记忆和图像大小无关。但近日，一项发表于《美国科学院院刊》的研究第一次指出，对图像的视觉记忆会受到图像大小的影响。



研究人员招募了182名18-40岁的受试者（这个年龄段的人的视力发育完全，且尚未开始衰退），并进行了7项不同的视觉记忆实验。结果表明，相比于尺寸较小的图像，受试者能更好地记住尺寸较大的图像——记忆效果是小尺寸图像的1.5倍。研究人员认为这可能是因为大尺寸图像能引起更多的注意力和兴趣，且需要视觉系统利用更多的资源来处理它们。而且这种现象并不受其他因素的影响，例如图像出现的顺序、分辨率。尽管这项研究只探究了静态图像，但研究人员表示该研究的结论可以类推至动态图像上，例如教学视频。


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文章标签
图像
视觉记忆
图像大小

https://www.pnas.org/content/119/4/e2119614119

https://www.linkresearcher.com/t ... 1-8c0f-4aac9f21bf1b



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