( Software translation ) Autism Biology : Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a complex neurodevelopmental disorder whose biological mechanisms involve a variety of factors, including genetics, neurodevelopment, and the environment. Studies have shown that about 20% of cases of ASD are caused by single-gene mutations, such as X chromosome vulnerability or Rett syndrome, which are usually spontaneous and not inherited from parents. The remaining 80 percent of cases may involve a combination of multiple genetic changes that affect brain development and function.
In terms of neurodevelopment, studies have found that some people with ASD experience brain overgrowth early in life. Using stem cell technology, scientists at the Salk Institute have revealed that this excessive growth may be caused by a decrease in connections between neurons. In addition, abnormalities in synaptic function have also been identified as key factors in ASD. For example, a single copy deletion of the SH3RF2 gene may result in a defect in synaptic function in the left hemisphere, which can trigger ASD-related symptoms.
Environmental factors also play an important role in the development of ASD. Maternal infection, nutrition deficiency or exposure to harmful substances during pregnancy may increase the risk of ASD by affecting fetal brain development. In summary, the biological mechanism of ASD is the result of multifactorial interactions, including genetic mutations, neurodevelopmental abnormalities, and environmental influences. Deeper understanding of these mechanisms can help develop more effective diagnostic and therapeutic approaches.
