自闭症生物物理学 ： 自闭症谱系障碍（ASD）是一种复杂的神经发育障碍，其生物物理学研究旨在揭示神经元和神经网络层面的异常，以理解ASD的病理机制。以下是近期在该领域的重要研究进展：
1. 突触黏附分子与突触功能：北京大学医学部刘合力团队的研究发现，突触黏附分子SALM5通过与受体酪氨酸磷酸酶PTPδ结合，诱导突触分化。该研究解析了SALM5与PTPδ的复合物晶体结构，揭示了SALM5二聚体作为桥梁连接两个PTPδ分子的机制。这一发现为理解ASD中突触功能异常提供了新的视角。
2. CPEB4凝聚物的作用：巴塞罗那生物医学研究所的研究团队通过结合生物化学、细胞生物学、生物物理学和神经科学的方法，揭示了RNA结合蛋白CPEB4的凝聚物在ASD中的关键作用。研究表明，CPEB4的功能障碍可能导致神经元基因调控异常，进而引发自闭症相关症状。
3. 镜像神经元系统：镜像神经元是一类在个体执行某个动作或观察他人执行相同动作时都会被激活的神经元。研究者推测，镜像神经元系统的功能障碍可能与ASD患者的社交和沟通困难有关。然而，这一假设仍需更多实验证据支持。
这些研究强调了生物物理学在揭示ASD病理机制中的重要性。通过深入理解神经元和神经网络的物理特性变化，科学家们希望为ASD的诊断和治疗提供新的思路和方法。
( Software translation ) Autism Biophysics: Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a complex neurodevelopmental disorder. Biophysics research aims to uncover abnormalities at the level of neurons and neural networks to understand the pathological mechanisms of ASD. The following are important recent research advances in this field:
1.Synaptic adhesion molecules and synaptic function: The study of Liu Heli team at the Peking University School of Medicine found that the synaptic adhesion molecule SALM5 induces synaptic differentiation by binding to the receptor tyrosine phosphatase PTPδ.The study resolved the crystal structure of the SALM5-PTPδ complex and revealed the mechanism by which the SALM5 dimmer acts as a bridge to connect the two PTPδ molecules.This finding provides a new perspective for understanding synaptic dysfunction in ASD.
2. The role of CPEB4 copolymers: The research team at the Institute of Biomedical Research in Barcelona has revealed the key role of copolymers of the RNA-binding protein CPEB4 in ASD by combining methods from biochemistry, cell biology, biophysics and neuroscience. Research suggests that dysfunction of CPEB4 may lead to abnormal regulation of genes in the menstrual cycle, which in turn triggers autism-related symptoms.
3. Mirror neuron system: Mirror neurons are a class of neurons that are activated when an individual performs a certain action or when they watch others perform the same action. The authors speculate that dysfunction of the mirror neurone system may be related to social and communicative difficulties in ASD. However, this hypothesis still needs more experimental evidence to support it.
These studies emphasize the importance of biophysics in revealing the pathologic mechanisms of ASD. By understanding the physical characteristics of the meridian and the meridian network, scientists hope to provide new ideas and methods for the diagnosis and treatment of ASD.
