( Software translation ) Autism biochemistry: Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a complex neurodevelopmental disorder with biochemical mechanisms involving multiple factors such as genetics, environment, and neurobiology. Studies have shown that the causative genes of ASD may encode proteins related to synaptic function, such as cell adhesion molecules, synaptic vesicle cycle proteins, and ion transporters. Mutations in these genes may lead to abnormal information transmission between neurons, resulting in autism symptoms.
In addition, epigenetic studies have also shown that environmental factors may increase the risk of ASD by affecting gene expression. For example, exposure to certain chemicals during pregnancy, such as triclosan, may affect fetal brain development by inhibiting retinoic acid synthesis, increasing the risk of autism in offspring.
Abnormalities in the neurotransmitter system are also one of the focuses of ASD research. Studies have found that the GABA (gamma-aminobutyric acid) signal transduction in ASD patients may be abnormal, which affects the excitability and balance of neurons, leading to autism-related symptoms.
Research on these biochemical mechanisms provides new ideas for potential treatment strategies for ASD. For example, supplements of retinoic acid or drugs that regulate the function of GABA receptors may help alleviate symptoms of autism. However, due to the heterogeneity and complexity of ASD, more research is needed to comprehensively understand its biochemical mechanisms and develop effective interventions.
