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论文标题：Transcriptomic diversity of cell types across the adult human brain
作者：Kimberly Siletti, Rebecca Hodge, Alejandro Mossi Albiach, Ka Wai Lee, Song-Lin Ding, Lijuan Hu, Peter Lönnerberg, Trygve Bakken, Tamara Casper, Michael Clark, Nick Dee, Jessica Gloe, Daniel Hirschstein, Nadiya V. Shapovalova, C. Dirk Keene, Julie Nyhus, Herman Tung, Anna Marie Yanny, Ernest Arenas, Ed S. Lein, Sten Linnarsson
期刊：Science
发表时间：2023/10/13
数字识别码：10.1126/science.add7046
摘要：The human brain directs complex behaviors, ranging from fine motor skills to abstract intelligence, but the diversity of cell types that support these skills has not been fully described. In this work, we used single-nucleus RNA sequencing to systematically survey cells across the entire adult human brain. We sampled more than three million nuclei from approximately 100 dissections across the forebrain, midbrain, and hindbrain in three postmortem donors. Our analysis identified 461 clusters and 3313 subclusters organized largely according to developmental origins and revealing high diversity in midbrain and hindbrain neurons. Astrocytes and oligodendrocyte-lineage cells also exhibited regional diversity at multiple scales. The transcriptomic census of the entire human brain presented in this work provides a resource for understanding the molecular diversity of the human brain in health and disease.
这些成果汇集了全世界数百名科学家的努力，均来自“脑计划-细胞普查网络”项目，简称BICCN（BRAIN Initiative Cell Census Network）。“脑计划”全称为“使用创新神经技术的脑研究计划"（Brain Research Through Advancing Innovative Neurotechnologies Initiative），简称刚好是BRAIN Initiative，由美国国立卫生研究院（NIH）2013年启动。从2017年起，随着单细胞测序技术的高速发展，整合细胞的分子、形态学、生理学和解剖学等信息和特征，BICCN项目启动，旨在用前沿技术对小鼠、非人灵长类动物和人类大脑的细胞类型进行识别和分类，以及针对特定细胞类型开发新的遗传工具。
人的大脑皮质在胎儿出生前数月开始发育，并延续到出生后数月。该过程会受到精细调控，不同细胞的生长、分化和成熟，对大脑的复杂结构和功能至关重要。为了跟踪大脑皮质的发育轨迹，加利福尼亚大学旧金山分校（UCSF）Arnold R. Kriegstein团队，从不同阶段的人类皮质样本中收集了大量小核RNA（snRNA）测序数据，并进行了单细胞轨迹分析。
参考资料：
[1] Kimberly Siletti et al., Transcriptomic diversity of cell types across the adult human brain. Science (2023) Doi: https://doi.org/10.1126/science.add7046
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[10] Thomas Chartrand et al., Morphoelectric and transcriptomic divergence of the layer 1 interneuron repertoire in human versus mouse neocortex. Science (2023) Doi: https://doi.org/10.1126/science.adf0805
[11] Dmitry Velmeshev et al., Single-cell analysis of prenatal and postnatal human cortical development. Science (2023) Doi: https://doi.org/10.1126/science.adf0834
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