内耳生物力学揭示了哺乳动物內溫性的晚三叠纪起源。根据各种化石记录中的内耳半规管大小变化规律，与现有的推测不同，新研究发现哺乳动物祖先朝恒温演化的速度是非常快的，大约在不到100万年间就完成了转变。而许多特征的演化可能需要经历数千万年的缓慢历程。正是在2.33亿年前的这一瞬间，哺乳动物的祖先获得了恒温带来的强大力量，保证了它们在自然竞争中披荆斩棘，也最终诞生了人类。36.8℃，以及每日微小内耳半规管中淋巴液的冲击，也成为我们从漫长演化岁月中获得的不可磨灭的生存技能点。本文是恒温动物进化关联的基础科学研究论文。
(Baidu translation: )
36.8 ℃, when does the body temperature appear? Nature: the answer is that the ear was a constant temperature animal 200 million years ago
The biomechanics of the inner ear reveals the Late Triassic origin of mammalian endotherm. According to the size change rules of the inner ear semicircular canal in various fossil records, different from the existing speculation, the new study found that the mammalian ancestors evolved towards constant temperature very quickly, and completed the transformation in less than 1 million years. The evolution of many features may take tens of millions of years. It was at this moment 233 million years ago that the ancestors of mammals gained the powerful power brought by constant temperature, which ensured that they could overcome difficulties in natural competition and finally gave birth to humans. 36.8 ℃ and the daily impact of lymph in the tiny inner ear semicircular canal have also become the indelible survival skills we have acquired from the long evolution years. This paper is a basic scientific research paper on the evolution of isothermal animals.
（百度翻訳： ）
36.8℃、安定していない体温はいつ現れますか？答えは2億年前の耳に恒温動物
内耳生物力学は哺乳動物内の温度性の晩三重畳紀起源を明らかにした。各種化石記録における内耳半規管の大きさ変化の法則に基づいて、既存の推測とは異なり、哺乳類の祖先の恒温への進化速度は非常に速く、約100万年未満で転換を完了したことが新たに発見された。多くの特徴の進化には、数千万年の緩やかな過程が必要になる可能性があります。ちょうど2億3300万年前のこの瞬間、哺乳類の祖先は恒温による強大な力を獲得し、自然競争の中で棘を断ち切り、最終的に人類が誕生したことを保証した。36.8℃、および毎日の微小内耳半規管中のリンパ液の衝撃は、私たちが長い進化の歳月から得た不滅の生存技能点にもなっている。本文は恒温動物の進化に関する基礎科学研究論文である。
学术经纬
2022/07/22
论文
论文标题：Inner ear biomechanics reveals a Late Triassic origin for mammalian endothermy
作者：Ricardo Araújo, Romain David, Julien Benoit, Jacqueline K. Lungmus, Alexander Stoessel, Paul M. Barrett, Jessica A. Maisano, Eric Ekdale, Maëva Orliac, Zhe-Xi Luo, et al.
期刊：Nature
发表时间：2022/07/20
数字识别码：10.1038/s41586-022-04963-z
摘要：Endothermy underpins the ecological dominance of mammals and birds in diverse environmental settings1,2. However, it is unclear when this crucial feature emerged during mammalian evolutionary history, as most of the fossil evidence is ambiguous3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17. Here we show that this key evolutionary transition can be investigated using the morphology of the endolymph-filled semicircular ducts of the inner ear, which monitor head rotations and are essential for motor coordination, navigation and spatial awareness18,19,20,21,22. Increased body temperatures during the ectotherm–endotherm transition of mammal ancestors would decrease endolymph viscosity, negatively affecting semicircular duct biomechanics23,24, while simultaneously increasing behavioural activity25,26 probably required improved performance27. Morphological changes to the membranous ducts and enclosing bony canals would have been necessary to maintain optimal functionality during this transition. To track these morphofunctional changes in 56 extinct synapsid species, we developed the thermo-motility index, a proxy based on bony canal morphology. The results suggest that endothermy evolved abruptly during the Late Triassic period in Mammaliamorpha, correlated with a sharp increase in body temperature (5–9 °C) and an expansion of aerobic and anaerobic capacities. Contrary to previous suggestions3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14, all stem mammaliamorphs were most probably ectotherms. Endothermy, as a crucial physiological characteristic, joins other distinctive mammalian features that arose during this period of climatic instability28.
