哺乳动物的体细胞突变率随寿命的延长而增加。不同物种的动物到达寿命极限时，每个细胞的突变总数量又是大致相近的。寿命较长的动物以相对较慢的速度产生突变。突变慢寿命长。寿命极限的每个细胞突变总数相近。本文是基因突变与癌症和衰老、寿命关联的基础医学研究论文。
(Google Translate: )
"Nature": Why do "longevity stars" live longer? 16 animals provide new clues to fight cancer and aging
Somatic mutation rates in mammals increase with lifespan. When animals of different species reach the limit of lifespan, the total number of mutations per cell is roughly similar. Longer-lived animals develop mutations at a relatively slow rate. Mutations are slow and long-lived. The total number of mutations per cell at the lifespan limit is similar. This article is a basic medical research paper on the association of gene mutations with cancer, aging, and longevity
（グーグル翻訳： ）
「自然」：なぜ「長寿星」は長生きするのか？ 16 匹の動物が癌や老化と闘うための新たな手がかりを提供
哺乳類の体細胞変異率は、寿命とともに増加します。 異なる種の動物が寿命の限界に達すると、細胞あたりの突然変異の総数はほぼ同じになります。 寿命の長い動物は、比較的ゆっくりとした速度で突然変異を起こします。 突然変異は遅く、長命です。 寿命限界での細胞あたりの突然変異の総数は似ています。 この記事は、遺伝子変異とがん、老化、長寿との関連に関する基礎医学研究論文です。
学术经纬
2022/04/20
论文
论文标题：Somatic mutation rates scale with lifespan across mammals
作者：Alex Cagan, Adrian Baez-Ortega, Natalia Brzozowska, Federico Abascal, Tim H. H. Coorens, Mathijs A. Sanders, Andrew R. J. Lawson, et al.
期刊：Nature
发表时间：2022/04/13
数字识别码：10.1038/s41586-022-04618-z
摘要：The rates and patterns of somatic mutation in normal tissues are largely unknown outside of humans1,2,3,4,5,6,7. Comparative analyses can shed light on the diversity of mutagenesis across species, and on long-standing hypotheses about the evolution of somatic mutation rates and their role in cancer and ageing. Here we performed whole-genome sequencing of 208 intestinal crypts from 56 individuals to study the landscape of somatic mutation across 16 mammalian species. We found that somatic mutagenesis was dominated by seemingly endogenous mutational processes in all species, including 5-methylcytosine deamination and oxidative damage. With some differences, mutational signatures in other species resembled those described in humans8, although the relative contribution of each signature varied across species. Notably, the somatic mutation rate per year varied greatly across species and exhibited a strong inverse relationship with species lifespan, with no other life-history trait studied showing a comparable association. Despite widely different life histories among the species we examined—including variation of around 30-fold in lifespan and around 40,000-fold in body mass—the somatic mutation burden at the end of lifespan varied only by a factor of around 3. These data unveil common mutational processes across mammals, and suggest that somatic mutation rates are evolutionarily constrained and may be a contributing factor in ageing.
