廣告
輕度感染也可能有後遺症
另一篇刊登在《美國胸科學會年鑑（Annals of the American Thoracic Society）》的研究也發現，即使是輕症，痊癒後也可能有後遺症。愛爾蘭都柏林的聖詹姆斯醫院（St. James's Hospital）發現，60%的輕症病人在家自主管理、痊癒後，仍無法回到健康狀態，反之持續為虛弱、失眠、憂鬱、喘不過氣和腦霧（記憶力、專注力變差）所苦。
美國麥高文醫學院（ McGovern Medical School at UTHealth）感染科教授歐斯卓斯基（ Luis Ostrosky）也指出，後遺症第一多的是虛弱，第二則是腦霧，「原則上感染程度愈嚴重，後續的症狀會持續愈久，但在部分輕症病人身上也看到了這個現象。」
美國倫諾克斯山醫院（Lenox Hill Hospital）急診醫師葛拉特（Robert Glatter）也提醒，醫療院所不僅要治療新冠肺炎，還必須準備應付病人痊癒後接踵而至的各種健康問題，這可能會再次拖垮整個醫療系統。（推薦閱讀：網傳進入新冠關鍵期？醫師公會澄清聲明 避戴隱形眼鏡、穿過衣物吊戶外2小時？專家破解防疫迷思）
论文
论文标题：1-year outcomes in hospital survivors with COVID-19: a longitudinal cohort study
作者：Lixue Huang, Qun Yao, Xiaoying Gu, Qiongya Wang, Lili Ren, Yeming Wang, et al.
期刊：The Lancet
发表时间：2021/08/28
数字识别码：10.1016/S0140-6736(21)01755-4
摘要：BackgroundThe full range of long-term health consequences of COVID-19 in patients who are discharged from hospital is largely unclear. The aim of our study was to comprehensively compare consequences between 6 months and 12 months after symptom onset among hospital survivors with COVID-19.MethodsWe undertook an ambidirectional cohort study of COVID-19 survivors who had been discharged from Jin Yin-tan Hospital (Wuhan, China) between Jan 7 and May 29, 2020. At 6-month and 12-month follow-up visit, survivors were interviewed with questionnaires on symptoms and health-related quality of life (HRQoL), and received a physical examination, a 6-min walking test, and laboratory tests. They were required to report their health-care use after discharge and work status at the 12-month visit. Survivors who had completed pulmonary function tests or had lung radiographic abnormality at 6 months were given the corresponding tests at 12 months. Non-COVID-19 participants (controls) matched for age, sex, and comorbidities were interviewed and completed questionnaires to assess prevalent symptoms and HRQoL. The primary outcomes were symptoms, modified British Medical Research Council (mMRC) score, HRQoL, and distance walked in 6 min (6MWD). Multivariable adjusted logistic regression models were used to evaluate the risk factors of 12-month outcomes.Findings1276 COVID-19 survivors completed both visits. The median age of patients was 59·0 years (IQR 49·0–67·0) and 681 (53%) were men. The median follow-up time was 185·0 days (IQR 175·0–198·0) for the 6-month visit and 349·0 days (337·0–361·0) for the 12-month visit after symptom onset. The proportion of patients with at least one sequelae symptom decreased from 68% (831/1227) at 6 months to 49% (620/1272) at 12 months (p<0·0001). The proportion of patients with dyspnoea, characterised by mMRC score of 1 or more, slightly increased from 26% (313/1185) at 6-month visit to 30% (380/1271) at 12-month visit (p=0·014). Additionally, more patients had anxiety or depression at 12-month visit (26% [331/1271] at 12-month visit vs 23% [274/1187] at 6-month visit; p=0·015). No significant difference on 6MWD was observed between 6 months and 12 months. 88% (422/479) of patients who were employed before COVID-19 had returned to their original work at 12 months. Compared with men, women had an odds ratio of 1·43 (95% CI 1·04–1·96) for fatigue or muscle weakness, 2·00 (1·48–2·69) for anxiety or depression, and 2·97 (1·50–5·88) for diffusion impairment. Matched COVID-19 survivors at 12 months had more problems with mobility, pain or discomfort, and anxiety or depression, and had more prevalent symptoms than did controls.InterpretationMost COVID-19 survivors had a good physical and functional recovery during 1-year follow-up, and had returned to their original work and life. The health status in our cohort of COVID-19 survivors at 12 months was still lower than that in the control population.FundingChinese Academy of Medical Sciences Innovation Fund for Medical Sciences, the National Natural Science Foundation of China, the National Key Research and Development Program of China, Major Projects of National Science and Technology on New Drug Creation and Development of Pulmonary Tuberculosis, the China Evergrande Group, Jack Ma Foundation, Sino Biopharmaceutical, Ping An Insurance (Group), and New Sunshine Charity Foundation.
