NAC化学式为C5H9NO3S, 相对分子质量为163.2,其生物活性主要在于硫基,乙酰基使其抗氧化性更稳定。可口服、肌注、静脉给药,作为小分子物质,进入机体后97%被小肠迅速吸收,并经小肠和肝脏细胞代谢与蛋白肽链结合形成多种代谢产物,其中半胱氨酸为GSH的前体,可通过血脑屏障和神经细胞膜转化成细胞内的GSH。口服后只有少量的NAC到达血浆进而进入各种组织,生物利用度仅为4%~ 10%,但仍有较好的临床效果。血浆峰值出现在口服给药后1 h 左右,T1/2约为2.15 h,12 h 后血浆中完全清除。
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