至于为什么卵子成熟以后若碰不见合适的精子就会被排除体外,恰好quora上有一个类似的问题Menstruation and Menstrual Hygiene Management (MHM): What is the evolutionary benefit or purpose of having periods?,人人网的杨岩同学提供了很好的翻译为什么女人进化出月经,粘贴如下:
补充一下相关的知识,可能需要一点知识背景
1 Genomic imprinting: Conflict exists between genes expressed in the mother and fetus as described above, but it also occurs between maternally and paternally expressed genes in fetal tissues [21]. Genomic imprinting of genes expressed in fetal tissues is evidence of conflict at this level. Under this hypothesis, paternally expressed alleles will enhance fetal/placental growth, and maternally expressed alleles in the fetus will restrict fetal/placental growth. Interestingly, most known imprinted genes are involved in fetal/placental growth and expressed in the placenta [62]. The insulin and insulin-like-growth factor system provides good support for this hypothesis: IGF2, IGF2R, and INS, genes involved in placental and fetal growth and metabolism are imprinted and fit the pattern described above. For example, IGF2 is a gene expressed in the placenta that promotes trophoblast invasiveness, and is only expressed from the paternal allele [62]. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3528014/
2 胎儿的细胞能穿过胎盘屏障进入母体吗?
可以,这种现象叫做 Microchimerism (abbreviated Mc) is the presence of a small number of cells that originate from another individual and are therefore genetically distinct from the cells of the host individual. This phenomenon may be related to certain types ofautoimmune diseases; however, the mechanisms responsible for this relationship are unclear. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microchimerism