20世纪80年代初,Skene等人发现了一种富含于生长锥中的神经组织特异性磷酸蛋白质,将其命名为生长相关蛋白(growthassociated protein 43,GAP43)。GAP43在神经纤维的生长、发育、轴突再生以及突触功能的维持等方面起着重要作用,并参与神经递质释放的调节,被认为是神经元发育和再生的一个内在决定因子〔1〕。
3 Oestreicher AB,De Graan PN,Gispen WH,et al.B50,the growthassociated protein 43:modulation of cell morphology and communication in the nervous system〔J〕.Prog Neurobiol,1997;53:627860.
4 Gajda M,Adriaensen D,Cichocki T.Development of the innervation of long bones:expression of the growthassociated protein 43〔J〕.Folia Histochem Cytobiol,2000;38:1034.
5 Qin H,Dent EW,Meiri KF.Modulation of actin filament behavior by GAP243 (neuromodulin) is dependent on the phosphorylation status of Ser41,the protein kinase C site〔J〕.J Neurosci,1997;17(10):3515.
9 Stewart HJ,Cowen T,Curtis R,et al.GAP43 immunoreactivity is widespread in the autonomic neurons and sensory neurons of the rat〔J〕. Neuroscience,1992;47(3):673.
11 Ludwig A,Silvia A,Josef PK,et al.Overexpression of the neural growthassociated protein GAP43 induces nerve sprouting in the adult nervous system of transgenic mice〔J〕.Cell,1995;83:269.
13 Larry IB,Aryeh R.GAP43:an intrinsic determinant of neuronal development and plasticity〔J〕.TINS,1997;20 (2):84.
14 Gerendasy D.Homeostatic tuning of Ca2+ signal transduction by members of the calpacitin protein family〔J〕.J Neurosci Res,1999;58(1):107.
15 Delisa JA.Rehabilitation medicine principle and practice 〔M〕.3rd ed.New York:LippincottRaven Publishing House,1998:106970.
16 Luque JM,Puign N,Martinez JM,et al.Glutamate Nmethy LDaspartate receptor blockade prevents induction of GAP43 after focal ischemia in rats〔J〕.Neurosci Lett,2001;305(2):8790.
17 Ozcelik T,Lafreniere RG,Archer BT,et al.Synaptophysin:structure of the human gene and assignment to the X chromosome in man and mouse〔J〕.Am J Hum Genet,1990;47(3):55161.
18 Baenekow A,Jahn R,Scheller M.Synaptophysin:A substrate for the protein tyrosine kinase pp60c_src in intact synaptic vesicles〔J〕. Oncogene,1990;5(6):101924.
19 Navone F,Jahn R,DiGioia G,et al.Protein p38:An integal membrane protein specific for small vesicles of neurons and neuroendocrine cells〔J〕.J Cell Biol,1986;103(6):251127.
20 Leube RE,Kaiser P,Seiter A,et al.Synaptophysin:molecular organization and mRNA expression as detemined from cloned cDNA〔J〕.EMBO J,1987;6(11):32618.
21 Joheston PA,Jahn R,Sudhof TC.Transmembrane topography and evolutionary conservation of synaptophysin〔J〕.J Biol Chem,1989;264(2):126873.
24 Leclerc N,Philip W,James W.Synap tophysin expression during synaptogenesis in the rat cerellar cortex〔J〕.J Comp Neurol,1989;280:197212.
25 Crispino M,Stone DJ,Wei M,et al.Variations of synaptotagmin I,synaptotamin Ⅳ,and synaptophysin mRNA levels in rat hippocampus during the estrous cycle〔J〕.Exp Neurol,1999;159(2):57483.
27 Chin LS,Li L,Ferreira A,et al.Impairment of axonao development and of aynaptogenesis in hippocampal neurons of synapsin Ideficient mice〔J〕.Pro Natl Acad Sci USA,1995;92:92304.
28 Ferreira A,Han HQ,Greengard P,et al.Suppression of sunapsin Ⅱ inhibits the formation and maintenance of synapaes in hippocampal culture〔J〕.Proc Natl Acad Sci USA,1995;92:92259.
29 Ferreira A,Kao HT,Feng J,et al.Synapsin Ⅲ:developmental expression,subcellular localization and role in axonal elongation〔J〕.J Neurosci,2000;20:373644.
30 Ferreira A,Kosik KS,Greengard P,et al.Aberrant neunites and synaptic vesicle protein deficiency in synapsin Ⅱdepleted neurons〔J〕.Science,1994;264:9779.
31 Angers A,Fioravante D,Chin J,et al.Serotonin stimulates phosphorylation of aplysia synapsin and alters its subcellular distribution in sensory neurons〔J〕.J Neurosci,2002;22(13):541222.
32 Lievens JC,Woodman B,Mahal A,et al.Abnormal phosphorylation of synapsin I predicts a neuronal transmission impairment in the R6/2 Huntington′s disease transgenic mice〔J〕.Mol Cell Neurosci,2002;20(4):63848.
33 Qin S,Hu XY,Xu H,et al.Regional alteration of synapsin I in the hippocampal formation of Alxheimer′s disease patients〔J〕.Acta Neuropathol (Berl),2004;107(3):20915.