Inoue等[2]在1989年以人工合成的编码ET 1-20位氨基酸残基的寡核苷酸片段为探针,筛选人的cDNA文库时发现三组ET相关肽基因。除了ET基因外,另外二组均可表达出与ET相似的活性多肽。提出ET家族( endothelin family )这一概念,按照ET发现的顺序,分别命名为ET-1、2、3。分子结构表明,ET没有种属差异性,而只是反映结构特异性的不同。
研究表明,ET的作用是与细胞膜表面特异性的内皮素受体结合,发挥其作用[3]。目前已经分离成功的有ET受体A( endotheline recepter A, ETRA)和ET受体B(endotheline recepter B,ETRB) 。ETRA与ET的亲和力:ET-1 >ET-2>ET-3,而ETRB对ET-1、ET-2、ET-3亲和力相近。
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