The effects of prolonged sleep deprivation on brain serotonin metabolism and behavior in rats Zheng Leying, Ji Hongguang, Wang Haiming, et al.Department of Navy Hygiene, Second Militaly Medical University, Shanghai200433
【Abstract】 Objective The effects of prolonged sleeep deprivation(SD) on hypothalamus and brain stem 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT)metabolism and behavior in rats were studied.Method Dish-over-watermodel was used in order to observe the effects of 24hr, 48hr and 72hr sleep deprivation on hypothalamus and brain stem 5-HT metabolism in Sprague-Dawley rats, and the active behavior of rats was also examined by open field test (OFT) . Results The OFT scores were significantly increased after 24hr, 48hr and 72hr SD, but the scores after 72hr SD was lower than those after 24hr and 48hr SD(P<0.01). The5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid/5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HIAA/5-HT) ratio were significantly increased after 24hr SD in the hypothalamus and brainstem, but the ratio were decreased after 48hr and 72hr SD. Conclusion The activity behavior in sleep deprived rats exhibted an pattern from activity to depression, which may be related to thn 5-HT metabolic changes in hypothalamus and brain stem.
【Key words】 Sleep deprivation Behavior 5-HT 5-HIAA Rats
下丘脑、脑干的5-羟色胺及其代谢与机体的睡眠和疲劳密切相关,它能将机体产生的一些疲劳信息在脑内放大并传递使机体产生疲劳感和睡意[1]。研究表明,大鼠经过4h的睡眠剥夺后下丘脑、脑干等脑区的5-HT向5-HIAA转化增强[2]。提示大鼠体内可能存在一种机制,它能在机体遭受睡眠剥夺时通过加强脑内某些脑区5-HT的转化使得这些脑区5-HT的含量相对下降,从而使机体产生的疲劳感和睡意相对减弱,以维持机体处于清醒状态。本实验试图通过对大鼠在经受长时间睡眠剥夺时下丘脑、脑干5-HT代谢变化的研究,对该机制的作用及时限进行初步探索。
材料与方法
一、实验动物:雄性Sprague-Dawley大鼠,体重140.4±5.6g,在国标清洁级饲养实验室内,以12h/12h光/暗周期(光照时间0600~1800)单笼饲养于代谢笼内,自由饮食、适应一周后按体重随机分为四组(24hSD组、48hSD组、72hSD组以及对照组C组,每组各8只大鼠)进行睡眠剥夺实验。实验期间每日20:00用摄像记录并分析大鼠旷场试验得分。实验完毕,称重并处死大鼠,取脑组织进行生化分析。
二、 睡眠剥夺模型[3]:剥夺装置主要由20×40×60 cm3剥夺箱、直径30cm转盘及与转盘相连接的动力装置三部分组成。每次剥夺前大鼠在装置内适应4h。剥夺时,启动动力装置使转盘以6转/h的速度匀速转动。对剥夺组,在箱内转盘下注水,大鼠在转盘上一定的空间自由活动,但必须保持清醒,以免落水。对照组则因箱内未被注水,可以获得睡眠。
三、 旷场试验(open field test, OFT):旷场试验装置为高度60 cm、底面边长1m、内壁漆黑的有底方桶。方桶底面平分为25个小方格,正上方2m处架设摄像机。测定时大鼠置于装置底面中心,以大鼠3min内越过格子数目为水平得分,后肢站立次数为垂直得分,两者总和为旷场试验总得分[4]。每次更换动物之前,清洗旷场周壁及底面,以免上次动物余留的信息影响下次测试结果。
四、下丘脑和脑干5-HT、5-HIAA含量测定:断头处死大鼠,在冰玻璃片上取下丘脑和脑干两脑区组织,用冰生理盐水清洗、滤纸吸干表面水分并称重后,置液氮保存。5-HT、5-HIAA的测定采用荧光法[5]。
结 果
一、大鼠下丘脑、脑干5-HT、5-HIAA含量及5-HT/5-HIAA比值:大鼠下丘脑、脑干5-HT、5-HIAA含量在经过24、48、72h的睡眠剥夺后均较对照组明显增高(P<0.01);24、48h两剥夺组间相差不显著,而72h剥夺组5-HT含量显著高于24、48h剥夺组(下丘脑P<0.01,脑干P<0.05)。大鼠下丘脑、脑干5-HT/5-HIAA比值在经过24、48、72h的睡眠剥夺后均较对照组明显增高
(<0.01);而48、72h剥夺组较24h剥夺组低(P<0.05);下丘脑72h剥夺组低于48h剥夺组(P<0.01),而脑干这两组无显著差别。(见表1)
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